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Top 5 causes of low vision or blindness
The latest National Eye Health Survey identifies five main causes of low vision or blindness in Australia:
- Uncorrected Refractive Errors
- Cataracts
- Age-related Macular Degeneration
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Glaucoma
The most prevalent cause of low vision and blindness in Australia is uncorrected refractive errors. These occur when the eye’s curvature prevents light from properly reaching the retina (centre of the eye). These conditions are most commonly known as short and longsighted, and astigmatism. Fortunately, these issues can usually be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.
The second most common cause is cataracts. A cataract clouds the lens of the eye, limiting the amount of light that enters. Age is the primary cause, but factors like diabetes, smoking, and sun exposure can increase the risk. Cataracts can typically be treated successfully through surgically removing the clouded lens.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third leading cause. It affects the macula, a light-sensitive area at the back of the eye responsible for central vision. AMD damages the ability to see fine details, such as reading, and currently has no cure. However, there are techniques our friendly practitioners can teach to help manage its effects.
Diabetic retinopathy ranks fourth. It occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the veins and capillaries over time eventually resulting in them being unable to supply blood to the retina. Although there’s no cure, managing diabetes and controlling blood sugar can prevent further damage and vision loss.
Glaucoma, the final condition on the list, is caused by increased pressure in the eye that damages the optic nerve. This pressure can result from overproduction of fluids, eye injury, or blocked fluid drainage. Damage to the optic nerve results in irreversible loss of some, or all vision depending on severity. Fast detection and proactive treatment of the underlying cause can prevent or minimize vision loss.
These are just a few of the many causes of low vision or blindness in Australia. Early detection through regular optometrist visits is crucial. Once diagnosed, learning how to manage vision loss is vital for maintaining independence. For assistance, Guide Dogs Queensland offers services in orientation and mobility, occupational therapy, psychology support, and more. For more information, contact our team at 07 3500 9001 or visit our website to request services – Request a service – Guide Dogs Queensland
